Integrated Monitoring for Grid-Scale Storage

The Challenge

A leading energy manufacturer developing a next-generation grid-scale flow battery needed a cost-effective and highly accurate solution for monitoring the health of its battery stacks. Off-the-shelf commercial monitoring systems were either overbuilt with unnecessary features or prohibitively expensive, driving unit manufacturing costs far beyond program targets.

The challenge was to create a custom system capable of continuous real-time monitoring of individual cell voltages, full stack voltage, and fault conditions, all while maintaining long-term reliability and meeting strict cost constraints. Achieving this balance of accuracy, functionality, and affordability required specialized expertise in embedded hardware and software development, precision analog measurement, and high-voltage isolation design.

Approach

Re:Build assembled a multidisciplinary team to design and deliver a purpose-built monitoring system that would meet both the technical and economic requirements. The engagement began with gathering detailed input and design requirements from the customer and quickly transitioned into a phased execution plan.

Key elements of the approach included:

  • System Architecture Definition: Captured requirements and defined specifications to align with customer goals.
  • Embedded Hardware & Software Development: Designed precision analog circuits, implemented self-calibration, and developed firmware for real-time voltage measurement, fault detection, and communication.
  • Prototyping & Validation: Fabricated and tested quick-turn prototypes, validating accuracy and reliability against system requirements.
  • Custom Enclosure & Packaging: Designed thermoformable enclosures and wiring harnesses to support flexible deployment and long-term durability.
  • Scalable Design: Built a distributed system architecture, allowing the monitoring solution to be replicated across multiple stacks for grid-scale applications.

Throughout development, the team maintained close collaboration with the client’s engineers and operators, ensuring the solution integrated seamlessly into the larger energy storage system.

Solution

The result was the Stack Health Monitor (SHM), a custom embedded monitoring system engineered for grid-scale energy storage. The SHM continuously measures cell and stack voltages, detects faults such as open connections, and reports key data to the system controller in real time.

Key features of the solution included:

  • Hardware: Distributed system with precision measurement circuits, high-voltage isolation, and Power over Ethernet (PoE) support.
  • Software: Configurable oversampling, automatic self-calibration, CAN and Modbus-over-TCP communication stacks, interlock logic for fault-based shutdown, and on-board data logging.
  • Integration: Automatic module detection, scalable deployment across multiple stacks, and remote firmware updates via Ethernet.

By combining low-cost design strategies with advanced monitoring capabilities, the SHM delivered both technical performance and economic efficiency.

Results

The project produced a monitoring solution that exceeded expectations in performance, reliability, and cost efficiency. Internal studies showed the Re:Build system outperformed the original commercial alternative across all key metrics.

Key Outcomes

  • Cost Reduction: Achieved a 90% decrease in unit manufacturing cost (UMC) compared to commercial systems
  • Accuracy: Delivered high measurement accuracy with built-in self-calibration
  • Reliability: Designed for a 20-year operational life with robust fault detection and protection features

Speak with an engineer​

Let’s discuss how we can bring innovative solutions to your most challenging projects. Contact Re:Build Battery Solutions to learn more about our expertise in Battery Pack Design and Development for advanced applications.